What is Phthalic anhydride? This acidic substance is a type of aromatic carboxylic acid and can be recognized as a white layered powder or a colorless transparent liquid (in the molten state) with a distinct and clear pungent smell, which is more commonly known as Phthalic anhydride in Iran, and since the volume of production and its consumption in the world is very high (about 3 million tons in the world in 2000). It is not difficult to identify it, especially by comparison.
What is Phthalic anhydride?
Phthalic anhydride (PA) is a colorless, toxic solid that dissolves in alcohol and carbon disulfide. PA is slightly dissolved in hot water and hydrolyzed to phthalic acid. It is one of the first bivalent dicarboxylic anhydride acids, which has high commercial consumption and is comparable to acetic acid in terms of importance. PA exists as needles and colorless or as plates in monoclinic or rhombic crystal form. Softening oils, polyester resins and paints are the most important derivatives of Phthalic anhydride. For the first time, this substance was synthesized in Germany by the method of naphthalene oxidation in the liquid phase with a mercury catalyst in an acidic environment.
Phthalic anhydride (PA) is a colorless, toxic solid that dissolves in alcohol and carbon disulfide. PA is slightly dissolved in hot water and hydrolyzed to phthalic acid. It is one of the first bivalent dicarboxylic anhydride acids, which has high commercial consumption and is comparable to acetic acid in terms of importance. PA exists as needles and colorless or as plates in monoclinic or rhombic crystal form. Softening oils, polyester resins and paints are the most important derivatives of Phthalic anhydride. For the first time, this substance was synthesized in Germany by the method of naphthalene oxidation in the liquid phase with a mercury catalyst in an acidic environment.
Applications of Phthalic anhydride
Plasticizers:
These are organic, non-volatile, and often in liquid form, and when combined with plastic or elastomer, they improve the flexibility, expandability, and processability of the polymer. Plasticizers are among the most widely used additives in the plastic industry and are usually cheaper than other additives that can be used in polymer processes. Plasticizers are often used in PVC (the third largest polymer after PP (polypropylene) and PE (polyethylene)), so it is used in the production of a wide range of products. PVC plasticizers increase the flow of the polymer by reducing the viscosity of the molten polymer, the glass transition temperature, the melting temperature, and the elastic modulus of the final product without replacing the primary chemical characteristics of the material.
Alkyd resins:
We can call alkyd resins a very famous and cheap example of synthetic resins. Alkyd paints are resistant to sunlight, rain, and weak acid environment. Alkyd paints are not very sensitive to the cleanliness of the surface and simply stick to the surface. Alkyd resins have very good resistance to corrosive environments; Low vapors of sulfuric acid or spraying of diluted acid do not have much effect on the quality and durability of these colors, but if the concentration of acid increases, these colors will not have any resistance. Alkyd colors should not be used in environments close to oxidizing substances, organic acids, and Alkaline substances are not recommended. Alkyd resins are obtained from the reaction of polyfunctional acids or anhydrides such as Phthalic anhydride, isophthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride with glycerin or pentaerythritol. Alkyd resins are used in architectural coatings, domestic, commercial, and industrial uses, and rubber and traffic paints.
Warnings and Precautions for Phthalic Anhydride
Dust caused by Phthalic anhydride irritates the respiratory system, skin, and eyes and has sensitizing properties. Of course, these effects are short-term and will be resolved by visiting a doctor. Chronic and long-term effects are observed in workers permanently exposed to Phthalic anhydride. Among these complications, we can mention conjunctivitis, rhinitis, bronchitis, and irritation of the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory system. Clinical studies on animals show that chronic exposure to Phthalic anhydride vapor will cause congestion and damage to lung cells. So far, no studies have been conducted regarding the effects of Phthalic anhydride on reproduction, growth, or carcinogenesis in humans.
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